Understanding Acne: Types & Treatments 

Acne is one of the most common skin conditions, affecting millions of people of all ages. While it's often associated with puberty, acne can persist into adulthood, affecting your confidence and skin health. Understanding the different types of acne and the most effective treatments is the first step toward clearer, healthier skin.

This guide will help you identify common acne types and explore treatment options, emphasizing the importance of personalized care.

What is Acne?

Acne occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum) and dead skin cells. This creates a perfect environment for bacteria to thrive, leading to inflammation and breakouts.

Types of Acne and How to Treat Them

Acne typically falls into one of 3 categories: Comedonal, Inflammatory, and Nodulocystic.

Comedonal Acne

This is the mildest form of acne, characterized by clogged pores that don't typically cause redness or swelling.

• Whiteheads are small, flesh-colored or white bumps that are closed at the surface.
• Blackheads are small black or dark bumps that are open at the surface, where the trapped oil oxidizes and turns dark

There are many options for treating comedonal acne:

• Proper Skincare: Regular cleansing and moisturizing with non-comedogenic (non-pore-clogging) products.
• Over-The-Counter (OTC) Products: Look for products containing ingredients like:
• Salicylic Acid to exfoliate and unclog pores
• Benzoyl Peroxide to kill acne-causing bacteria and shed dead skin cells.
• Low-Strength Adapalene: A retinoid that helps prevent clogging pores.

Inflammatory Acne (Pimples)

This type of acne involves inflammation, resulting in red, swollen, and sometimes painful bumps.

• Papules: small, red, tender bumps without a pus head.
• Pustules: Red, tender bumps with a white or yellow pus filled center.

In addition to the OTC options listed above, inflammatory acne can sometimes require prescription-strength treatments:

• Topical Retinoids are stronger versions of adapalene, tretinoin, or tazarotene, which normalize cell turnover and reduce inflammation.
• Topical Antibiotics are used to kill surface bacteria and reduce redness.
• Oral Medications can be prescribed for more widespread or persistent inflammatory acne. Oral antibiotics can reduce bacteria and inflammation. Hormonal therapies such as birth control can help with hormonal acne struggles.

Nodulocystic Acne

This is the most severe form of acne, characterized by deep, painful lesions that can cause significant scarring if not treated promptly.

• Nodules are large, solid, painful lumps deep under the skin's surface.
• Cysts are large, pus-filled lesions that resemble boils. These can be very painful.

As for treatment, OTC treatment is typically not enough for nodulocystic acne. This severe form almost always requires aggressive treatment from a healthcare professional to prevent permanent scarring. Oral medications, including strong retinoids like isotretinoin, are often necessary.

Why Early Treatment is Key

No matter the type, seeking treatment for acne early is crucial. Prompt and effective treatment can prevent the development of more severe lesions and, most importantly, minimize the risk of permanent acne scarring.

While many forms of acne can be managed with consistent at-home care and OTC products, more persistent, widespread, or severe acne warrants professional attention. A primary care provider or dermatologist can accurately diagnose your specific type of acne and recommend the most effective treatment plan tailored to your skin.

At Alpha Aesthetics, we understand that every skin journey is unique. Our team is dedicated to helping you achieve your skin goals with personalized advice and advanced treatments. Schedule a consultation to discuss your concerns and find the best path to clearer, healthier skin.